removal of the colon may be an option for people with severe symptoms caused by colonic inertia coeliac-glutin-free However, the benefits of this surgery must be weighed against possible complications, which include abdominal pain and diarrhea coeliac-glutin-free Systemic disorders The clinical definition of constipation is any two of the following following symptoms for at least 12 weeks (not necessarily consecutive) in the previous 12 months: The doctor may ask a patient to describe his or her constipation, including duration of symptoms, frequency of bowel movements, consistency of stools, presence of blood in the stool, and toilet habits (how often and and where one has bowel movements) coeliac-glutin-free A record of eating habits, medication, and level of physical activity or exercise will also help the doctor determine the cause of constipation coeliac-glutin-free The hard and dry stools of constipation occur when the colon absorbs too much water or if the the colon's muscle contractions are slow or sluggish, causing the stool to move through the colon too slowly coeliac-glutin-free Common causes of constipation are The most common cause of constipation is a diet low in fiber found in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains and high in fats found in cheese, cheese, eggs, and meats coeliac-glutin-free People who eat plenty of high-fiber foods are less likely to become constipated coeliac-glutin-free The night before the test, bowel cleansing, also called bowel prep, is necessary to clear the lower digestive tract coeliac-glutin-free The patient drinks a special liquid to flush out the bowel coeliac-glutin-free bowel coeliac-glutin-free A clean bowel is important, because even a small amount of stool in the colon can hide details and result in an incomplete exam coeliac-glutin-free The patient usually has a liquid dinner the night before a sigmoidoscopy and takes an enema early the next morning coeliac-glutin-free A light light breakfast and a cleansing enema an hour before the test may also be necessary coeliac-glutin-free To perform a colonoscopy, the doctor uses a flexible tube with a light on the end called a colonoscope to view the entire colon coeliac-glutin-free This tube is longer than a sigmoidoscope coeliac-glutin-free The The same bowel cleansing used for the barium x ray is needed to clear the bowel of waste coeliac-glutin-free The patient is lightly sedated before the exam coeliac-glutin-free During the exam, the patient lies on his or her side and the doctor inserts the tube through the anus and rectum rectum into the colon coeliac-glutin-free If an abnormality is seen, the doctor can use the colonoscope to remove a small piece of tissue for examination (biopsy) coeliac-glutin-free The patient may feel gassy and bloated after the procedure coeliac-glutin-free To perform a sigmoidoscopy, the doctor uses a long, flexible tube tube with a light on the end called a sigmoidoscope to view the rectum and lower colon coeliac-glutin-free First, the doctor examines the rectum with a gloved, lubricated finger coeliac-glutin-free Then, the sigmoidoscope is inserted through the anus into the rectum and lower colon coeliac-glutin-free The procedure may cause a a mild sensation of wanting to move the bowels and abdominal pressure coeliac-glutin-free Sometimes the doctor fills the colon with air to get a better view coeliac-glutin-free The air may cause mild cramping coeliac-glutin-free To understand constipation, it helps to know how the colon (large intestine) works coeliac-glutin-free As food food moves through the colon, it absorbs water while forming waste products, or stool coeliac-glutin-free Muscle contractions in the colon push the stool toward the rectum coeliac-glutin-free By the time stool reaches the rectum, it is solid because most of the water has been absorbed coeliac-glutin-free Treatment may be directed directed at a specific cause coeliac-glutin-free For example, the doctor may recommend discontinuing medication or performing surgery to correct an anorectal problem such as rectal prolapse coeliac-glutin-free underactive or overactive thyroid gland uremia What causes constipation? What diagnostic tests are used? Who gets constipated? Irritable Bowel Syndrome On this this page: What causes IBS? What are the symptoms of IBS? How is IBS diagnosed? What is the treatment for IBS? How does stress affect IBS? Can changes in diet help IBS? Is IBS linked to other diseases? Hope Through Research Points to Remember For More Information Irritable bowel syndrome syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that interferes with the normal functions of the large intestine (colon) coeliac-glutin-free It is characterized by a group of symptoms--crampy abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea coeliac-glutin-free One in five Americans has IBS, making it one of the most common disorders diagnosed by doctors coeliac-glutin-free doctors coeliac-glutin-free It occurs more often in women than in men, and it usually begins around age 20 coeliac-glutin-free IBS causes a great deal of discomfort and distress, but it does not permanently harm the intestines and does not lead to intestinal bleeding or to any serious disease such as | 